Al-Idah

The Interpretation of the Fourth Part (al-Juzʾ al-Rābiʿ) of the Qur'an through the Prophetic Sunnah in al-Ṭabarī's Jāmiʿ al-Bayān: An Analytical Study

2026-06-13T23:10:08-04:00

The interpretation of the Noble Qur'an through the Prophetic Sunnah (al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah) represents one of the most significant fields of Qur'anic studies, given that one of the primary functions of the Sunnah is to elucidate the intended meanings of the Divine Revelation. Consequently, scholars engaged in Tafsīr and ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān have devoted considerable attention to examining the Qur'an in light of the Sunnah.

This methodological approach is clearly reflected in the exegetical work of the eminent Qur'anic commentator, Imām al-Ṭabarī (d. 310 AH), whose Jāmiʿ al-Bayān relies extensively on narrations transmitted from the Prophet ﷺ, the Companions (al-Ṣaḥābah), and the Successors (al-Tābiʿūn), to the extent that his name has become closely associated with al-tafsīr bi al-maʾthūr (tradition-based exegesis).

This study aims to investigate the instances in which al-Ṭabarī employed the Prophetic Sunnah in his interpretation of the fourth part (al-juzʾ al-rābiʿ) of the Qur'an in Jāmiʿ al-Bayān. Through inductive and analytical examination, the study demonstrates al-Ṭabarī's extensive reliance on the Sunnah in clarifying Qur'anic meanings and in determining the most preferable interpretation among competing exegetical opinions.

The study concludes that, within the selected portion of the Qur'an, Imām al-Ṭabarī devoted greater attention to the linguistic and semantic dimensions of Qur'anic expressions than to juristic (fiqhī), legal-theoretical (uṣūlī), or theological (ʿaqadī) discussions.

The Employment of Qur’anic Light in Graphic Design (An Analytical Study of Illuminated Posters and Signboards)

2026-06-13T05:03:39-04:00

This study examines the Qur’anic concept of nūr (light) as both a semantic and guidance-oriented construct, and its implications for lighting in graphic design, particularly illuminated posters and signage. It addresses the potential linkage between Qur’anic conceptualizations of light and the functional-aesthetic roles of illumination in enhancing visual communication.

Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, the study analyzes Qur’anic references to light in the light of classical exegesis and relates them to visual design principles, alongside selected case studies of illuminated visual materials.

The findings suggest that nūr in the Qur’an extends beyond physical illumination to encompass guidance and clarity, aligning with the communicative and perceptual functions of lighting in design. The study concludes that integrating such conceptual dimensions enhances visual message effectiveness and recommends further interdisciplinary research between Qur’anic studies and visual communication design.

The Cognitive Role of Metaphysics: A Comparative Study of the Qur’an and Peripatetic Philosophy

2026-06-13T11:04:32-04:00

This study examines, through comparative analysis, the cognitive role of metaphysics from two principal perspectives: the Qur’anic perspective, which regards revelation (waḥy) as a certain source of knowledge concerning the unseen (ghayb), and the Peripatetic (Mashshāʾī) philosophical perspective, which relies on demonstrative reason and Aristotelian logic to investigate the first principles of existence. The significance of this study lies in addressing the relationship between reason and revelation in the apprehension of metaphysical realities and in defining the scope of each in shaping a worldview of existence.

The study traces the development of metaphysical thought from Aristotelian philosophy to its reception within Islamic philosophy through al-Kindī, al-Fārābī, and Ibn Sīnā, while also examining the critiques advanced by later Muslim theologians and philosophers, including al-Ghazālī, Ibn Rushd, and Ṣadr al-Mutaʾallihīn. The analysis demonstrates that the Qur’an presents not merely a theoretical metaphysics but a comprehensive epistemological framework that harmonizes reason and revelation. It maintains that the realm of the unseen cannot be grasped through reason alone but requires submission to revelation, while reason functions as an instrument for reflecting upon the cosmic signs (āyāt).

In contrast, Peripatetic philosophy conceives metaphysics as the science of the First Cause and of being qua being, regarding rational demonstration as the highest degree of epistemic certainty. Nevertheless, this rational approach encounters challenges related to the limits of human cognition and the tension between certain philosophical conclusions and revealed texts. The study concludes that Qur’anic metaphysics is characterized by comprehensive faith-based certainty, whereas Peripatetic metaphysics offers a form of demonstrative yet relative certainty. Both approaches, however, contribute to enriching the Islamic understanding of existence and knowledge.

The Legal Effect of Ikhtilāf al-Dīn on the Prohibition of Inheritance (al-Tawāruth): A Juristic Analytical Study

2026-06-13T22:43:09-04:00

This study examines the juristic issue of the legal effect of ikhtilāf al-dīn (difference of religion) on the prohibition of inheritance (al-tawāruth), a subject of considerable practical significance in both classical and contemporary contexts. The research aims to investigate the opinions of Muslim jurists, analyze their legal methodologies, and evaluate the textual and rational evidence underlying their respective positions. It further seeks to determine the preponderant view and assess its relevance to contemporary issues, particularly within religiously plural societies and in cases involving interfaith marriages.

The study demonstrates that the majority of jurists (jumhūr al-fuqahāʾ) from the four Sunni schools of law maintain that difference of religion constitutes an impediment to inheritance, relying primarily on the Prophetic tradition: “The Muslim does not inherit from the non-Muslim, nor does the non-Muslim inherit from the Muslim.” Despite this general consensus, jurists differed regarding specific cases involving the murtadd (apostate), Ahl al-Kitāb (People of the Book), and distinctions related to territorial affiliation (dār).

The research also presents and critically discusses the opinions of scholars who permitted inheritance under certain circumstances, alongside the arguments of those who upheld its prohibition. The study concludes by highlighting the juristic diversity surrounding this issue and emphasizing the importance of contextualizing classical legal discussions in light of contemporary social realities while remaining faithful to the principles of Islamic jurisprudence.

The Selection of the Ruler and Its Conditions in the Islamic System: A Historical and Analytical Study

2026-06-13T23:14:04-04:00

This study examines the issue of selecting the ruler and the qualifications required for political leadership within the Islamic system from a historical and analytical perspective. The research explores the Qur'anic principle of shūrā (consultation) as a foundational basis for governance, highlighting that the Qur'an established consultation as a general principle without prescribing a fixed mechanism for its implementation. Consequently, the practical modalities of shūrā, its participants, and its procedures were left to the deliberation and collective reasoning of Muslim communities in accordance with their social circumstances and changing contexts.

The study argues that, over time, the role of shūrā diminished and was largely reduced to the practice of bayʿah (pledge of allegiance), particularly from the Umayyad period onwards. This development contributed to the emergence of diverse Islamic theories concerning political authority, the legitimacy of rulership, the criteria for selecting a ruler, and the question of who possesses the strongest claim to leadership. Although certain Islamic schools emphasized the community's right to participate in the selection of the ruler through shūrā, debates over the nature of governance in Islam have persisted throughout Islamic history and continue to the present day.

The study concludes that the issue of political leadership remains one of the most significant and contested subjects in Islamic thought, owing to its profound implications for political stability, social cohesion, and the historical experience of the Muslim world.

Daʿwat al-Tawḥīd and Its Call to Reflection, Contemplation, and Rational Inquiry: An Analytical Study of the Relationship between ʿAqīdah, Reason, and Science

2026-06-13T11:22:07-04:00

This study aims to analyze the intrinsic relationship between ʿAqīdah al-Tawḥīd and the methodology of rational and scientific inquiry in Islam, drawing upon selected Qur’anic texts that encourage reflection, contemplation, and intellectual engagement. It further explores the role of Tawḥīd in liberating the human intellect from superstition and uncritical adherence to inherited assumptions.

The study argues that Tawḥīd is not merely a theoretical doctrine of faith but a fundamental catalyst for intellectual awareness and a driving force for investigating the universe and its governing laws. The unity of the Creator is reflected in the coherence and order of the cosmos, rendering Tawḥīd a foundational principle for systematic and objective scientific inquiry. Moreover, the Islamic conception of knowledge (ʿilm) transcends the presumed dichotomy between religious and worldly sciences, as all forms of knowledge ultimately originate from the One All-Knowing Creator.

The findings demonstrate that Tawḥīd offers three major epistemological dimensions: first, the liberation of the intellect from irrational traditions and unfounded beliefs; second, the establishment of certainty through the Qur'anic invitation to reflect upon the cosmic signs (āyāt kawniyyah); and third, the integration of sources of knowledge, whereby ʿilm encompasses revealed, rational, and empirical sciences. This integrative vision is rooted in the symbolic significance of the first Qur'anic command, "Iqraʾ" ("Read"), which contributed to the emergence of a distinctive Islamic civilization grounded in knowledge and intellectual inquiry.

Contemporary Technologies and Their Impact on the Service of al-Kitāb and al-Sunnah

2026-06-13T22:53:50-04:00

This study seeks to highlight the most significant contemporary technological innovations—both widely recognized and relatively unexplored—that have contributed to the service of the Qur'an and the Prophetic Sunnah (al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah al-Muṭahharah). It further aims to examine these qualitative contributions and explore avenues for their enhancement so that they may more effectively fulfill their noble objectives and lofty mission.

The study is structured around two principal dimensions:

First: The Theoretical Framework.
This dimension addresses the question of how modern technology can be employed to serve al-Kitāb and al-Sunnah with the same degree of sophistication with which it has been utilized in other fields of knowledge. It examines the role of contemporary technologies in serving the Qur'an and Sunnah, discusses the positive and negative implications of technological applications, identifies obstacles to the effective use of modern technologies, and explores the categories of individuals and communities that may benefit from these technological advancements.

Second: The Practical Framework.
This dimension presents four innovative technological applications that remain largely unexplored within contemporary technology markets despite their considerable potential in serving the Qur'an and the Prophetic Sunnah. The study also highlights the contributions of their developer and innovator, Dr. Iyās Ḥusayn, with the aim of providing such creative individuals with the recognition and opportunities they deserve. In this regard, the study constitutes a call to institutions and technology companies, through the platform of this conference, to adopt and support these pioneering initiatives.

The study concludes that contemporary technologies possess significant potential to enhance the accessibility, dissemination, and understanding of Islamic sources. However, maximizing their effectiveness requires strategic investment, institutional support, and a conscious effort to align technological innovation with the objectives and values of Islamic scholarship.

Women's Economic Empowerment between Sharīʿah and International Conventions

2026-06-13T23:03:28-04:00

This study examines the concept of women's economic empowerment from the perspective of Islamic Sharīʿah and international conventions, with particular attention to the areas of convergence and divergence between the two frameworks. It explores the role of Islam in promoting the economic empowerment of Muslim women through a balanced approach that recognizes their rights, responsibilities, and distinct nature, while ensuring justice and dignity.

The study further analyzes the impact of international agreements and conferences concerning women's rights and economic participation, highlighting the extent to which such instruments accommodate—or overlook—the religious, social, and cultural particularities of Muslim societies. It also investigates the influence of contemporary feminist movements on perceptions of women's rights within Islamic communities.

Adopting descriptive and analytical methodologies, the research compares selected provisions of international conventions with national legislations inspired by Islamic principles regarding the protection and economic participation of women. The study argues that many of the challenges faced by Muslim women today stem not from the principles of Sharīʿah itself, but from inadequate awareness and implementation of the rights and protections granted by Islam. It concludes by emphasizing the need to strengthen societal awareness of Islamic teachings concerning women's economic rights while critically engaging with international frameworks in a manner that preserves the ethical and legal foundations of Muslim societies.

Different Legal Theories on Relationship of General Principles of Law and Solitary Reports

2026-06-13T08:44:22-04:00

A particularly intricate and much-debated question within the divergence of Islamic legal theories concerns the relationship between a general principle of law and a solitary report. The Hanafi school is often criticized for allegedly privileging analogical reasoning over Prophetic traditions. In response, Hanafi defenders point to numerous subsidiary rulings in which even weak hadith reports are preferred over analogical reasoning. Such counterexamples, however, tend to obscure rather than clarify the true nature of the disagreement for the ordinary student of law.

This paper seeks to elucidate the issue through a well-known case study: the apparent tension between the legal principle al-kharaj bi’l-daman (“entitlement to profit is based on a corresponding liability to bear loss”) and the hadith of al-musarrah. It argues that the crux of the matter lies not in isolated doctrinal inconsistencies, but in deeper divergences between the foundational methodological frameworks of the Hanafis and other juristic schools.

In light of the analysis presented, four distinct methodological approaches emerge: The Hanafis do not accept a solitary report at its apparent meaning when it conflicts with an established legal principle; rather, they interpret the report in a manner that brings it into conformity with the general principle; Ibn Rushd likewise recognizes the tension as one between a legal principles and a report, but, on account of the authenticity of the hadith, treats it as an exception to the general principle; Ibn Hazm, by contrast, accords no independent weight to general principles and insists on adhering to the apparent meaning of the solitary report; Al-Shafi‘i and Ibn Qutaybah treat the issue as a conflict between two reports, and attempt reconciliation in the same manner as is done between apparently contradictory reports. The approach of al-Shafiʿi and Ibn Qutaybah is thus closer to that of Ibn Hazm, whereas the approach of Ibn Rushd approximates that of the Hanafis.

In the Hanafi methodology, the probative force of a legal principle is akin to that of a general text possessing a definitive character, and therefore not subject to specification by a solitary report. By contrast, in al-Shafi‘i’s methodology, primacy is accorded to the solitary report, which assumes a governing authority over general principles of law.

Criminal Responsibility and the Rights of Persons with Mental Disabilities: A Comparative Study of Islamic Fiqh and Pakistan's Legal System

2026-06-13T11:14:58-04:00

This study presents a comparative analysis of Islamic Fiqh and Pakistan’s legal system regarding the criminal responsibility and rights of mentally disabled persons. It highlights that Islamic law exempts individuals lacking sound intellect from criminal liability based on principles of justice, mercy, and absence of intention, while also emphasizing their dignity and social protection. Similarly, Pakistan’s legal system recognizes mental incapacity as a defence under statutory law, relying on medical and procedural assessments to determine criminal responsibility. Although both systems differ in approach. Islamic law being moral and welfare-oriented, and Pakistani law being procedural and evidentiary, they converge on the principle that mental incapacity negates criminal liability. The study suggests integrating Islamic ethical values with modern psychiatric legal standards to enhance protection and rehabilitation of mentally disabled individuals.

The Indispensable Role of Philosophy in the Comprehension of Classical Islamic Heritage: A Research Review

2026-06-13T11:28:36-04:00

This research article investigates the extent to which philosophy and logic are necessary for a meaningful understanding of the classical Islamic intellectual heritage (Turath). The central question addressed is whether a scholar can achieve genuine comprehension of the major Islamic sciences — particularly Scholastic Theology (Ilm al-Kalam), Qur'anic Exegesis (Tafsir), Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh), and Islamic Mysticism (Tasawwuf) — without grounding in philosophical terminology and rational methodology. Through close reading and critical examination of selected classical primary sources, the study finds that Muslim scholars did not merely borrow philosophical concepts but actively wove them into the very fabric of their intellectual output. An analysis of theological works such as Al-Mawaqif, exegetical writings like Tafsir al-Kabir, the theoretical structure of Usul al-Fiqh, and the metaphysical dimensions of later Tasawwuf reveals that philosophical discourse is deeply embedded in these sciences and cannot be treated as merely incidental. The study concludes that philosophy and logic served as indispensable epistemological instruments — without which the complex terminology, rational debates, and intellectual architecture of the classical tradition remain, in large measure, difficult to access with scholarly precision.

Islamic Principles of Leadership: Qur’anic Foundations and the Prophetic Model

2026-06-13T23:22:44-04:00

This study explores the Islamic principles of leadership as derived from the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It argues that Islamic leadership is fundamentally grounded in divine guidance, where authority is viewed not as privilege but as a sacred trust (amānah) that entails accountability before God and responsibility toward people. The research highlights key governing principles including faith (īmān), justice (ʿadl), trustworthiness, mutual consultation (shūrā), compassion, patience, courage, humility, and competence. The study shows how these principles were embodied in the governance of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), particularly in Madinah, where he established a model of a welfare-oriented state based on justice, inclusivity, and moral responsibility. It further examines how the Qur’an and Prophetic practice together form an integrated framework for leadership that balances spiritual values with practical governance needs. The findings suggest that these principles remain highly relevant in contemporary contexts, offering guidance for addressing modern challenges of governance, justice, and social cohesion in diverse societies.

Intellectual Property, Related Rights, and Their Applications under Islamic Sharia

2026-06-13T11:25:06-04:00

Issues pertinent to the intellectual property (IP) rights developed widely during the recent years in most of the world countries. Strict laws became in force to protect the intellectual property for the individuals and companies, and provide the legal and criminal protection to the patents and trademarks that spread out in the communities. These laws further protect the innovations and thoughts, especially the copyrights and publishing. The issue more developed to the extent that there are now international agreements and conventions among the states that bind them to respect and observe the rights of other states in the intellectual property domain. As a result, this current study was made with the title: "Intellectual Property, Its Related Rights and Applications in Islamic Sharia", which will contribute to highlighting the rights pertinent to the intellectual property, and how far its related rights are safeguarded. The researcher found that the copyrights, trademarks and patents protection have received great attention within the countries, through enactment of laws and regulations. They also gained significant attention in the international treaties and agreements worldwide; taking into consideration that protection of these rights is a feature of the individual's personality; for instance, Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). At the level of the Arab countries, there are multiple projects for the copyrights protection, i.e. the Islamic Convention Draft. On the other hand, both the ordinary and famous (well-known) brand received the best attention in this legal protection as a way to distinguish products from each other. Assault on it by imitating or using it by others is harmful to the producer, the consumer and the state as a whole. It harms the producer through the loss in marketing his products and the existence of competitors of the other traders; in addition to that it afflicts the consumer. The famous brands (trademarks) in the world countries enjoy both civil and criminal protection when others attempt to use or exploit them. Through this study, the researcher, for the purposes of comparison, collected the issues related to the intellectual property applications in the Islamic Sharia. Islam experienced examples of the intellectual innovation and inventions, and innovations of the scholars and jurisprudents in the Sharia domains, as well as other sciences, and attention to the authors, writers and poets. In conclusion, the researcher presented the results and a pool of recommendations.